Autumn Meet 11/12 September.  Based on the Royal Sportsman Hotel, 131 High Street, Portmadoc, Gwynedd. (01766 512015) Leader George Hall.
Saturday  Meet at llam at the Old Chapel, Drwsycoed, (GR 54185344) Harold Morris leading. Please book your evening meal with the enclosed form by 1^st September.  Slides etc. welcome for Saturday evening.
Sunday  10am visit to Sygun Copper Mine Beddgelert for an (optional) underground trip at reduced rates.  Then on to Llwyn Ddu and Cwm Buchan, led by Richard Amies.
Note Both trips are remote from pubs, so please bring your own refreshments.

2 MORE GOLD IN WALES
Headlines in the Cambrian News 4h February, announced that Cambrian Goldfields has renewed its licence on 154 square kilometres from Dolgellau to Bala.  John Mason the mineral expert is involved, along with Simon Hughes.  Ken Williamson is the front man, and according to him 'we have found a fair amount of gold in the area'.  No doubt, but the question is, can it be made to pay?  At any rate, we wish them luck.

4 OLD GOLD IN WALES
Someone phoned me recently about a man named SKEY who founded a chemical business over 200 years ago in the Midlands, and is reputed to have been refining Welsh gold.  If so, where did it come from?  I put him in touch with George Hall who was most interested.

5 PLATINUM IN THE HEBRIDES
According to The Guardian 12th February, platinum has been found on the Isle of Run.  Researchers from the Camborne School of Mines have found high-grade seams, but only lcm thick in igneous rocks, not rich enough to pay.  Still worth seeing, if not worth going to see.

6 MORE RARE MINERALS IN MID-WALES
The region is getting quite a reputation for rare minerals, though often you need a lens or even a microscope to see them, rendering their appeal to most of us somewhat academic.  However Mary Hyde has drawn my attention to a paper by John Mason in the UK Journal of Mines & Minerals, No. 19, with details of Cobalt, Nickel, Antimony, Silver and Gold occurrences.  It seems many of the rich silver ores worked in the 17 h century comprised some tetrahedrite containing up to 20% silver.  Tucekite, an extremely rare mineral, has been found at several mines around Eaglebrook, and is a nickel antimony sulphide.  And there is Millerite in hair like strands, at Brynrafr and elsewhere to the east.  Many of the more exotic Welsh minerals are secondary in nature and are forming all the time, so that the old idea of taxing minerals like a growing crop was not entirely without foundation.

7 CWM DWYFOR COPPER MINE (GR 541505)
This venture was a disaster, as is related in The Old Copper Mines of Snowdonia.  The plant came up for sale in 1879, including winching drums and inclined rollers.  However, it may not have been sold, as appears from a letter from Williain Kellow to G J Gray dated 22 d June 1881, as follows (Ref NLW Crosier Slate Quarry letter book Vol. 1).
"I went over to the mine yesterday.  There is a large quantity of rubbish to be removed if you only want a small opening, say just enough to allow the water out and a man to get in.  It could perhaps be done for 30/-, but I noticed that there was a wagon in the POW machine house and it would no doubt be better to bring it up and take up, say, a few of the rails to the Cwm Dwyfor end of the railway and clear it all out systematically large enough to put a wagon in.  If there are rails in the level the value of these would be sufficient to pay for the total cost which would be perhaps £3.  Which of these two will you have done?"
Can anyone throw any light on this?  Note From this, it appears the railway went right into the mine - DEB.  Thanks are due to Adrian Barrell for the reference.

8 CERIDIGION DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Peter Claughton has kindly sent the following report.
"In January/February of last year I made representations on behalf of the society, to Ceredigion County Council in respect of their Local Plan.
The council policy failed to acknowledge the importance of the mining landscape in Special Landscape Areas - Dyfi, Rheidol, Teifi and Ystwyth valleys, and the Cambrian Mountains - and in the Historic Landscape of upland Ceredigion, as registered by CADW//ICOMOS.  A primary objection was that the stated aim of the council to 'reclaim' mine sites, as embodied in the upland landscape of Ceredigion in general and mining landscapes in particular.  The full text of the objections can be seen on http://www.exeter.ac.uk/~pfclaugh/mhinf/cered_lp.htm or from Peter Claughton, Blaenpant Morfil, Rosebush, Clynderwen, Pembs.  SA66 7RE.
Those representations were accepted for consideration.  However on 1st February 1999 the council decided to abandon the Local Plan and move directly to formulating their Unitary Development Plan (UDP).  The new plan will cover the same issues and we are assured that 'the representations received to the Local Plan will be considered by the Planning Committee and will be used to inform the preparation of the UDP.

9 WINSFORD ROCKSALT MINE, CHESHIRE
Recently I went to the Rocksalt Museum at Winsford with John Bennett - a very interesting visit.  Did you know that the first shaft was sunk in 1844, and the last in 1973?  The working face is 25 feet high and each blast brings down 1400 tons of salt.  Production is 2½ million tons a year, mainly it appears, to be spread on the roads in icy weather.  We had hoped to arrange an underground trip for the WMS, but parties are limited to 12, and they are heavily oversubscribed. I can provide more details if you want them.

10 ROMAN AZURITE MINE
According to Martin Strassburger, the Romans were mining copper ore in Germany not for copper metal, but for blue pigments.  This is very interesting because so often it is automatically assumed that any ancient copper mine was solely for copper, and for no other purpose.  Historical metallurgists, please note.

11 NEOLITHIC IRON-ORE MINES IN THE BLACKFOREST
Two sites have been found where hematite was mined, with c14 dates around 5,000BC.  There are in fact much older hematite mines in Africa - used for pigments, cosmetics or ritual.

12 THE SOMERSET COALFIELD
Geoff Fitton writes to say that the Somerset IA Society has published a 68pg booklet on the Somerset collieries by Shane Gould.  There are 30 illustrations and a list of sites.  Post free at £6.95 from Geoff at Giles Cottage, Hill Lane, Brent Knoll TA9 4DF (Of course, had he sent me a free copy there would have been a more detailed review!)

13 THE INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF SW ENGLAND: A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Whether this mouthful is worth the £30 purchase price I cannot say, but it runs to 272pages, and is a hardback with nearly 4000 references.  But will they produce one on Wales?  For more details ring Merton Priory Press 01222 521956

14 OCHRE MINES AT WICK, NEAR BRISTOL
Mike Breakspear is co-author of a paper on these unusual workings, published in BIAS Journal 31,1998.  The ochre beds were extensive but shallow, rather like a coal seam or so it appears.  Operations began about 1890 and ended about 1970.  Nothing remains to be seen of the mines themselves, and neither is much known of the workings, though there must be old miners still alive who worked there.

15 DELABOLE SLATE QUARRY, CORNWALL
In a periodical called Stone, October 1996, we learn that Delabole belongs to RTZ, with a turnover of one million pounds annually.  The quarry is 435 feet deep and 1½  mile round, and goes back 1000 years.  We also learn that weathering extends 200ft deep and material above is no use, prompting the question, how was the good stuff ever found in the first place? (This is not explained in the article).  Much of the output however, is not for slate roofs, but for tiles made of slate dust.  The dust also serves as a filler in all sorts of products, though whether Delabole dust is better than N Wales dust is not recorded.

16 MINING HISTORY NETWORK HOMEPAGE
We are grateful to Jeremy Wilkinson for forwarding information on the Mining History Network
http://www.ex.ac.uk/mhn/welcome.html which contains a wealth of information on (among many things) British and Irish mining, coal mining, various mining history groups, and an index of mining historians.

17 PHENRHOS ENGINEHOUSE, BRYMBO
This rare survivor, possibly pre-1790's, has been well restored as a result of Welsh Mines Preservation Trust initiatives, the local authority and grants.  A plaque illustrated by the well known industrial artist Michael Blackmore is to be erected with details of history and operation, and perhaps before long the WMS will be in the district again, giving opportunity to see the results.

19 NEW ELECTRONIC EDITOR
Mike Munro can be contacted by audio-electronic technology on Tel. 01446 748 690 or on mike.munro@cwcom.net from inside your PC.
Please take some time to fill in the Newsletter Questionnaire and return to Mike (via post)

20 REMINDER OF NAMHO MEETS
a) NAMHO 2000 14/18 July, Truro, Cornwall.  Hosted by Carn Brae Mining Society and the Camborne School of Mines this is the first international NAMHO conference and will be on the theme of "Acquire, Record and Display".  For details phone Lawrence Holmes 0I872 278234
b) NAMHO Forest of Dean Meet 24/27 September.  Free Mining in Dean and other Traditional Mining Rights Areas’.  Details available from Robin Weare, Brook House, Llandevaud, Newport NP6 2AA

21 WMS MEMBERSHIP
Annual membership is £4, (or to ease administration - £8 for 2 years). The paid up date is shown on your address label - and if you are overdue I attempt to highlight the date in red.  If you are "paid up to DEC 1998" or before then you are overdue and your treasurer would be most grateful if you could pay promptly.
The address for subscription is c/o David Roe 20, Lutterbum Street, Ugborough, Ivybridge, Devon PL21 ONG (01752 896432).

22 WMS INSURANCE
In the last Newsletter I set out my concerns over the cost for insurance.  The British Trust for Conservation Volunteers (BTCV) have accepted our membership under the description "The specific activities include clearing sites, repairs to buildings and other structures, site visits and field trips with up to 80 members in attendance.  Additionally a limited number of our members undertake underground exploration of mines "

As a layman I interpret the policy as follows, but I emphasise that I am a layman and the following should be read with that fact clearly in mind.  If you want further information I can provide the BTCV booklet which gives a more precise explanation.

In summary the insurance covers WMS members for Public Liability and Personal Accident while on official WMS activities as follows:

Public Liability £5,000,000 any one occurrence.  Injury, loss or damage to other people or property resulting in legal liability to pay compensation and costs.  Members can claim against one another should this arise.  Deliberate acts resulting in loss or damage are excluded.

Personal Accident £5,000,000 any one occurrence.  Unfortunately this excludes members over 85 years of age.  Exclusions also include attempting to commit suicide (this as always been regarded as bad form when on Field Meetings), excessive alcohol, power driven machinery, work in active quarries or mines or below ground, and finally using a bouncy castle.

The above obviously requires proper Health and Safety precautions to be taken at all times - particularly when underground.  Members involved in advanced mine exploration involving rock climbing techniques should not hang on to their electron ladders by their teeth in the mistaken belief that they are insured if the 20 WMS members below are crushed when they fall off!
David Roe 26/05/99